Pharmaceutical Price Controls in the Oecd Countries

Pharmaceutical Price Controls in OECD Countries Implications for U.S. Consumers, Pricing, Research and Development, and Innovation U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade Administration The International Trade Administration (ITA) has as its mission the creation of economic opportunity for U.S. workers and firms by promoting international trade, opening foreign markets, ensuring compliance with trade laws and agreements, and supporting U.S. commercial interests at home and abroad. To learn more about the ITA, write to: International Trade Administration, Office of Public Affairs, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230, or visit the ITA’s Internet site at www.ita.doc.gov. Pharmaceutical Price Controls in OECD†¦show more content†¦Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration Executive Summary Improvements in health care and life sciences are an important source of gains in health and longevity globally. The development of innovative pharmaceutical products plays a critical role in ensuring these continued gains. To encourage the continued development of new drugs, economic incentives are essential. These incentives are principally provided through direct and indirect government funding, intellectual property laws, and other policies that favor innovation. Without such incentives, private corporations, which bring to market the vast majority of new drugs, would be less able to assume the risks and costs necessary to continue their research and development (RD). In the United States, government action has focused on creating the environment that would best encourage further innovation and yield a constant flow of new and innovative medicines to the market. The goal has been to ensure that consumers would benefit both from technological breakthroughs and the competition that further innovation generates. The United States also relies on a strong generic pharmaceutical industry to create added competitive pressure to lower drug prices. Recent action by the Administration and Congress has accelerated the flow of generic medicines to the market for precisely that reason. By contrast, in the Organization for Economic Cooperation andShow MoreRelatedPharmaceutical Industry : United Kingdom, Usa Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagesthe main hub of pharmaceutical industry are in United Kingdom, USA. New Zealand is far away located from these countries and has a population of 4.4 million and has got less number of pharmaceutical industries. The statistics figure show that there were only two compounds developed during 2001 but due to increased in the government funds from $16.3 million in the year 2000-2001 to $43.1 million in the year 2006-2007 the number increased to 12. The success and profit of a pharmaceutical industry dependsRead MoreU.s. Health Care System Es say1600 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the real and perceived performance of the U.S. health care system? Are the views different among patients, providers, payers, and policy makers? Why or why not? According to Kovner and Knickman (2011), acutely ill patients within the country may hold a positive view of the country’s healthcare system, as the U.S. is scientifically and technology advanced in treating life-threatening injuries and illnesses. Overall quality of healthcare performance, however, is lacking (Kovner KnickmanRead MoreCanadian Drug Coverage940 Words   |  4 PagesAddressing Gaps in Canadian Drug Coverage According to Morgan and Boothe (2016), Canadas medicare system is the only one among developed countries that has universal public health insurance but does not also have universal prescription drug coverage. The amount of out-of-pocket (OOP) spending is an immense burden for many Canadians, accounting for 34.3% of private expenditures, (Hennessey et al., 2016); and in Ontario, one in three people do not have employer-provided health insurance (Barnes Read MoreWhat Is The Power Of Rising Pharmaceutical Prices In The United States?700 Words   |  3 Pagesrealm, yet there is a great discrepancy between the price of health care and the quality of such. In addition, an abundance of evidence shows that this modern nation currently spends 18% of its GDP on health care, where the majority is comprised of private expenditures (OECD 2015). The private sector of health spending, in particular, is of great interest, because 17% of total healthcare costs is attributed to prescription drugs. Ph armaceutical companies in the U.S justify excessive costs for medicationRead MoreWhat Is Political Action For Universal Drug Care934 Words   |  4 PagesAddressing Gaps in Canadian Pharmacare According to Morgan and Boothe (2016), Canadas Medicare system is the only one among the developed countries that has universal public health insurance but does not also have universal prescription drug coverage. The amount of out-of-pocket (OOP) spending can become a great burden on Canadians, as private insurance â€Å"only composes approximately 34.3% of expenditures,† (Hennessey et al., 2016); and in Ontario, 1 in 3 people do not have employer-provided healthRead MoreBiotechnology Industry Analysis1121 Words   |  5 Pagesthe price. The producer can set a high price to cover the huge RD costs and gain high profits. The annual report of the two company showed that the EBITDA of CSL and COH are 1350.3 million dollars and 236.6 million dollars in June 2011. However, the buy power can be a bit lower. According to the study of U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade Administration (2004), in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries su ch as Australia, have the price control on theRead MoreUs Health Care System With Oecd1355 Words   |  6 PagesComparison of US health care system with OECD Referring to the health care performance analysis done by the commonwealth fund (put a reference), the US health care system consistently fails to achieve the balance between the service provided and the expenditure incurred. Although the U.S. spends more on health care than any other country and has the highest proportion of specialist physicians, survey findings indicate that from the patients perspective, and based on outcome indicators, the performanceRead MoreAdequate Measurement Of The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1227 Words   |  5 PagesDevelopment (OECD), pertaining to data from 2006, it is notable that of 30 industrialized counties measured, the U.S. health care spending was significantly higher, both per capita and as a gross domestic product (Anderson Squires, p. 1-2). In The Commonwealth Fund issues that have been publicized since are dated in 2013 and 2014, where data from 2011 is analyzed. In the five years that has passed, spending in the U.S. has still been higher than in any other industrialized country. However, spendingRead MoreWhat Is The Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Act?1494 Words   |  6 PagesBackground The Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Act (S. 2011) would amend Title XVIII of the Social Security Act to allow for the negotiation of drug prices on behalf of Medicare beneficiaries for those medications covered under Medicare Part D. The policy would be enacted at the federal level, and the policy tool used to do so would be federal funding. Under this bill, the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) would be given the power to negotiate drug prices as well as establishRead MoreThe New Zealand Healthcare System Essay1298 Words   |  6 Pagesits GDP on the health care industry. This represents nearly double the amount spent by other OECD nations (an average of 8.7%) and came in 40 percent higher than the next highest nation, France, which had an 11.2% of GDP outlays on health care expenditures. If we examine these costs at an individual level the US spent $7,538 per capita (per person) on health care. This was more than double the OECD median for expen ditures which was $2,995. Again the next highest nations were considerably less

The Life Of Frederick Douglass s The Narrative Of The...

The topic of slavery in antebellum America was very mixed overall in the nation. Normally people in the North opposed slavery, while citizens of the South supported it. However, at the same time, many people were unconcerned with this heated topic and needed to be persuaded to join the fight against slavery. Northern citizens may have seen the practice slavery as neither good nor bad, but just part of Southern life going on for hundreds of years. Frederick Douglass, a slave who had escaped to the North, after years of abuse through slavery, knew that in order to stop slavery, he had to persuade all the people in the North to vehemently oppose it as much as he did himself. Through the â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†, which he†¦show more content†¦Today almost all children grow up knowing their parents. It is a crime to take children away from their parents under most circumstances. Returning back to slave times, taking the slave children away from th eir parents is dehumanizing to the parents and children, by taking away the most important away from their lives. Without any familial connections to anyone, Douglass had to fend for himself like a person thrown into the jungle and try his best to survive every day. Douglass uses these descriptions in his narrative to convey how slaves were ripped apart from their families. With each slave being evaluated as property rather than a human being, the slaves felt like a good rather than a person with a family, who would feel so much emotional pain when they have to leave their children, siblings, or spouse behind. Through the progression of dehumanization, the white slave-owners were able to keep their power over their slaves, who lost their dignity with each whip given. Douglass also puts the intense picture of dehumanization into the reader’s head when he writes about the whippings slaves suffered. A young boy, Douglass witnesses for the first time a slave getting whipped, He took her into the kitchen, and stripped her from neck to waist, leaving her neck, shoulders, and back entirely naked. He made her get upon the stool, and tied her hands to the hook (6). Douglass hides in a closet, thinking that he would be the next

The City of Greater Geelong Free Essays

Background: First settled in 1803, as the 2nd largest metropolis in Victoria, Geelong is the chief regional hub and port for western Victoria where offers combination of employment and investing chances, wellness and instruction installations, fabulous shopping promenades and the many cultural assets including the Geelong Performing Arts Centre, gallery, museums and the botanic gardens. These allow occupants enjoy the benefit of diverse and multicultural communities in the growing of the metropolis. As consequence, Geelong has been turning 1-1. We will write a custom essay sample on The City of Greater Geelong or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5 per centum over the last 7 old ages. However, the tenancy rate is still low: Housing: In 2006, population in cardinal Geelong is 4355 individuals. By 2011 it is 4700 ( Jones Lang LaSalle ) . Residents ages of 20aˆ?24, 25aˆ?34 and 55 and over is greater in Central Geelong than others municipality as Central Geelong is popular with pupils and immature professionals and retired persons. 40.4 % of the home types is high and average denseness homes in Central Geelong compared to 13.9 % in Greater Geelong, although separate houses remain at 57.8 % of the lodging stock ( Jones Lang LaSalle ) . img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1408087.001.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1408087.001.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1408087.002.png"/ Beginning: Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene 2006 Census Population and Housing Office In 2012 there was 236,000m2 of office infinite in Central Geelong, of which merely 30 % is sensible quality, modern infinite. The bulk of Central Geelong’s office stock is of hapless quality, is unsuitable for many possible renters. Retail Market Square and Westfield Geelong Shopping Centre supply a diverse and comprehensive scope of retail signifier. Traditional strip retailing has struggled in recent old ages due in portion to the competition from the drawn-out Westfield and limited investing in single assets. The growing in on-line retailing addition vacancy rates in shopping strips such as Bridge Road in Richmond and Toorak Road in South Yarra ( Knight Frank Research 2013 ) . The bing floor infinite is dispersed north off along Ryrie Street and Moorabool Street and along Malop Street and farther north from propinquity to Westfield and is hence improbable to be economically feasible as retail floor infinite at any one clip in the hereafter. Introduction 75km to the south-west of Melbourne, cardinal Geelong is on a north confronting incline between Corio Bay and the Barwon River. The topographic point appears with dramatic landscape: the state, seashore, as the best finish to populate through comfortable and cohesive communities in an exceeding environment. Strongly believe in the strength of metropolis and its psyche is in people, a batch of attempts and accent has been placed on making vivacious societal nucleuss for local communities and metropolis cardinal where diverse groups of people can interact. Geelong Vision 2: With Vision 2, series of workshops have defined the challenges in trying to direct the transitioning of metropolis of Geelong from an industrial yesteryear to an urban hub’ ( Vision 2 Project Report, 2013 ) by 6 different integrated undertakings demonstrate on the regeneration of the CBD country. In this scheme, the Green Spine places the axial rotation of transforming the Malop street into the chief street that connects the train station to Eastern Park. It is designed to link the hub of the City Arrival to the freshly invigorated metropolis laneways and urban bosom in the effort to promote prosaic traffic to walk toward the metropolis Centre, reinvigorating the shopping country and making a sense of ambiance to the visitants to and dwellers of the metropolis. The City of Greater Geelong The City of Greater Geelong has demonstrated strong committedness to regenerating Central Geelong. Partnerships with State Government and other participants have been instrumental in exciting investing in the now iconic waterfront, major street plants, major events and prosecuting cardinal foundational capital undertakings such as the Library and Heritage Centre, Yarra Street Pier and Convention Centre. Cultural HERITAGE ( 22.09 ) Aims Central Geelong is located within the traditional district of the Wada Wurrung ( or Wathaurong ) Aboriginal Clan groups. Wool broking had shaped much of the early architecture. Large countries of the metropolis Centre have streetscape preservation value which is indispensable as heritage values of the metropolis. New investing and urban reclamation could be attracted to the metropolis Centre and supply a originative reuse of the city’s built heritage. Keep the visibleness of St Mary’s Basilica Spire from beyond the metropolis Centre. Map of Individual heritage listings and precincts img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1408087.001.png"/ Community Arts and Culture Key Subjects: The cultural humanistic disciplines precinct is home to the Geelong Art Gallery, Library, Heritage Centre, Performing Humanistic disciplines Centre and the Courthouse Youth Arts Centre Geelong plays host to a figure of major events such as cycling, seafaring, triathlon and music festivals. Events a figure of major events such as cycling, seafaring, triathlon, music and sail ship is hold annually to promote visitant and activate of the metropolis Centre. Central Geelong Marketing has run activities such as the School Holiday plan, Sidewalk Gross saless and Night Markets that conveying in about $ 4 million yearly to Central Geelong. There are besides regular markets including a husbandmans market. Open Space Key Subjects: Johnstone Park is surrounded by a figure of of import civic edifices: City Hall, Geelong Gallery, Peace Memorial and Regional Libra Central Geelong features some outstanding Parkss and public infinites. These include the Geelong waterfront, Eastern Park, Botanic Gardens and Johnstone Park The new image of Geelong Station Precinct will be immensely different from the 1 that exists at present. Rather than an unfastened wrapping of asphalt punctuated by a few base entirely edifices, it will offer a much more mature individuality, one that has the possible to go every bit much a signature for Geelong as the Waterfront ; RAILWAY STATION PRECINT The Geelong Railway Station Precinct has long been identified as a major chance for alteration in the Greater City of Geelong. It is Geelong’s hub for province, regional and local conveyance systems and is ideally located to move as a focal point for the western border of the CBD. It sits strategically between La Trobe Terrace and Mercer Street, two of Geelong’s major inner links, and is close to the Civic and Justice Precincts, Deakin University and the Geelong Waterfront. i‚Â ·iˆ The Precinct is inactive for most of the twenty-four hours, outside of peak hours. i‚Â ·iˆ The precinct will be to the full landscaped, to a standard equivalent to the Geelong Waterfront. i‚Â ·iˆ The renovation chances of the Precinct demand to be determined. i‚Â ·iˆ The function of the freshly developed Precinct within Geelong needs to be assessed, and i‚Â ·iˆ The sequence for future land development needs to de determined. BUILT FORM The Court and Police Station composite was built in 1991 at the south-eastern corner of the Precinct. As the expiration point of the axis formed by Fenwick Street and located in such a strategic location, this installation could hold made a really positive part to its urban context. However this composite of 2 floors brick edifices provides merely one active frontage – that to Railway Terrace – while its eastern sideaˆ?is virtually a space wall to Mercer Street. Its northern border acts as its ‘back-of-house’ and is unaccessible to the general populace but however seeable from many nearby vantage points. At the City-wide graduated table, indicates the bing patterning of urban grid signifiers in this western Geelong area- the City Centre Grid itself, the somewhat offset grid get downing and stretching due wests from La Trobe Terrace, and the Grid formed by Mercer Street and its feeder roads which penetrates into the two chief grid signifiers from the North. There are comparatively few edifices within the Station Precinct, as shown by the Figure Ground Plan. The bing country occupied by the Station installations, the Victorian Railway Institute edifice, the Station Courts/ Police and Kia franchise covers merely a little proportion of the Precinct ; with the staying country being dominated by entree ways and parking. possible prosaic nexus Vehicular nexus How to cite The City of Greater Geelong, Essay examples

Conflict Resolution for Perspectives from the Lines -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theConflict Resolution for Perspectives from the Lines. Answer: Introduction ManagementDue to Kashmir issues, terrorism has increased day by day which is affecting the life of people adversely. Along with this, the paper explains that how Kashmir conflict may affect the success and growth of India and Pakistan. The key actors which are involved in Kashmir conflict has been discussed in the task. Further detail of the task has been stated below. Conflict between India and Pakistan India is a well know country in South Asia and it is a seventh biggest country in the world measured by area. It is a democratic country having second highest population. The current population of India is approx 132.42 crores (Indiapopulation, 2018). Furthermore, it maintains good and dynamic culture in the world. On the other hand, Pakistan is an Islamic country in South Asia and it is a fifth most populous country in the world. It is 33rd biggest country measured by area (Labourwatchpakistan, 2018). Due to various conflicts between India and Pakistan, various Muslims continued to live in India. The various issues between India and Pakistan include nuclear threat, nuclear rivalry, war of Kargil, Kashmir revolution (Merrills, 2017). One of the biggest issues between two countries is Kashmir revolution that influences the operations of both the countries. The armed resistance broke out in the state of Jammu and Kashmir in 1989. As a result separate group were founded. Kashmir issue is a territorial issue between Pakistan and India that was started in 1947 after the partition of both the countries. Due to this conflict, people are fighting for freedom in todays era. Along with this, this conflict also has become a major challenge for Indian government (Merrills, 2017). Various issues are being faced by India due to conflict issue. Trade and tourism is affecting and economy of the country is also facing several challenges. India is unable to afford more infrastructure projects due to Kashmir conflict (Mushtaq, 2015). In addition, Kashmir is a core part of the Indian culture therefore; any separation might be affected the Indian union. India is continuously trying to occupy most parts of Kashmir while the Pakistan i s refuting such a territorial occupation. Pakistan manages and controls a part of the territory and at the same time Pakistan refutes Indias claim. Due to conflict issue, various issues and challenges are being faced by both the countries (Zia Syedah, 2015). Conflict situations and key actors in conflict The Kashmir conflict presents a very complex situation in India and Pakistan which may influence the relations of both the countries. The government of both the countries looks into this conflict so that people understand this problem and resolve it. Along with this, India always claims to be a rightful ruler of Kashmir (Gadda, 2014). Currently, India is unable to know and understand that how to maintain silence and peace in the region. Due to Kashmir conflict, Pakistan has been able to gain more opportunities to hit the India. Kashmir conflict also influences the sovereignty of India. Along with this, Kashmir is very beautiful and attractive place for various tourists both from India and outside India. If Kashmir conflict is not resolved then India will lose the Kashmir tourism industry. Moreover, it creates tensions between both the countries. Additionally, India had spent huge amount on Kashmirs infrastructure, tunnels, bridges and building a lot of roads. If the country loses Kas hmir, it can become a great loss for India. Annexation and occupation of Kashmir by Pakistan will not be a welcome move for Kashmiri youths. As a result, it would create violence in Kashmir (Kohli and Mittal, 2016). Kashmir conflict is one most dangerous flashpoint for India because it is increasing terrorism in India. Currently, terrorist attacks are going on due to Kashmir issue. Terrorism is the biggest headache for both the countries. Mahatma Gandhi played enormous role in partition of India and Pakistan. Therefore, he was the main player in India and Pakistan partition. J.L. Nehru and M.A.Jinnah also played major role in Kashmir conflict. Currently five groups are fighting in Kashmir such as Hizb-ul-Mujanhideen, Jaish-e-Mohammad, Lakshar-e-Tayyiba, Harakat-ul-Mujahideen and Al Badr. They are supporting Pakistan to handle the Kashmir issue. Along with this, the political parties include The Jammu and Kashmir democratic freedom party and The Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic P arty. These parties promoter and advocates self rule for Jammu and Kashmir. The Indian political parties include The Indian National Congress and The Jammu and Kashmir National conference party (Hussain, 2015). Trends, development and sources in conflict resolution India and Pakistan should make effective and unique plans, policies and strategies to resolve Kashmir conflict. Various recommendations have been given to handle these issues that are discussed below. India and Pakistan should engage freely elected representatives of the Kashmiri people and all partners in Kashmir negotiations. The government should make strict rules and laws to eliminate this conflict. The government should provide compensation for loss of life and private property. It will help to reduce conflict in Kashmir. Apart from this, the international agencies must promote and encourage sustainable economic development. The hills are significant for both the countries therefore; the countries should control the hills because these hills are important for armies. Prime Minister Modis government is getting alternatives to reach out to Muslim leaders in other parts of the country. Each action of Pakistan must be well documented before any disciplinary counter action is taken. Modis government invest approx 320 crore for rehabilitation of the Kashmir migrants. In addition, both the countries should understand the culture of each other to maintain reciprocal relationship. In addition, the government should create favorable conditions to allow the peaceful return of all refugees to Kashmir. All government records and proceedings shall be accessible to the public and the press to settle Kashmir conflict. India and Pakistan should establish an independent mechanism for a neutral third party investigation of human rights violations. Along with this, both the counties should seek creative and innovative solutions in honoring Kashmiri aspirations. In addition, unique and effective agreement must be made to handle Kashmir conflict. Conclusion On the above mentioned study, it can be concluded that Kashmir conflict is one of the dangerous issue in India and Pakistan which may influence the harmony and peace of both the countries. Although, various rules and regulations have been made by both the countries but unfortunately the countries are failed to resolve this issue. Effective plans, rules and strategies must be made by countries to handle and resolve this issue. References Gadda, D.N., 2014. 'Partial Journalism'--A study of national media of India and Kashmir conflict.Trends in Information Management,10(1). Hussain, T., 2015. Kashmir dispute.Regional and Ethnic Conflicts: Perspectives from the Front Lines,41. Indiapopulation, 2018. Population of India 2018 [Online]. Available at https://indiapopulation2018.in/. [Retrieved on 8th April 2018). Indiatvnews, 2018. 11steps taken by Modi govt to make safe, secure [Online]. Available at https://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/11-steps-taken-by-modi-govt-to-make-india-safe-secure-31753.html. [Retrieved from 8th April 2018] Kohli, R. and Mittal, K.L., 2016.Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning: Methods for Surface Cleaning(Vol. 9). William Andrew. Labourwatchpakistan, 2018. About Pakistan 2018 [Online]. Available at https://labourwatchpakistan.com/about-pakistan/. [Retrieved on 8th April 2018] Merrills, J.G., 2017.International dispute settlement (6th edition). Cambridge university press. Merrills, J.G., 2017.International dispute settlement. Cambridge university press. (pp.66-67) Mushtaq, U., 2015. The political economy of Intra-Kashmir Trade.Progress in Development Studies,15(2), (pp.139-153). Zia, A., Syedah, H., 2015. Use of print media for conflict resolution and peace building: A case study of Kashmir dispute.NDU Journal, 161-180.

Bilingual education essays

Bilingual education essays Bilingual Education: Not The Wisest Choice Bilingual Education has been a much-debated topic for the past few years. Some believe that bilingual education is used as a helpful tactic to learn how to grasp the English language faster. Others believe that bilingual education does not help people learn English faster, but prohibits them from moving forward by keeping them at a lower level when it comes to education. Advocates for bilingual education argue that not only does bilingual education help introduce English to students, but at the same time it should be a tool used in order to preserve culture and promote assimilation to the country. I do not believe that bilingual education is the most effective way to achieve the goals of assimilation and success in America. I believe that it is important to know a variety of languages for peoples own personal cultural preservation. Among other things, being bilingual can be beneficial for the future, since people would be able to communicate with a variety of cultures. I mere ly do not believe that bilingual education is the right way to strive for these objectives. Bilingual Education costs too much money and time. There is no possible way to reach out to every single culture in America to offer them bilingual education. How will schools decide who gets bilingual education and who doesnt? There will obviously be groups that will be left out of because of reasons like there not being enough people that speak that particular language. How will we provide education for them? Or will they be left out in the dust? This brings up an issue of segregation. Over the past century, America has struggled to eliminate the need for segregated schools. The only way to accommodate the many cultures that exist in American schools would be to separate them, or categorize them. This presents more problems than solutions. For many years, children were forced to attend s...

7 Idioms from the Military

7 Idioms from the Military 7 Idioms from the Military 7 Idioms from the Military By Mark Nichol Military terminology and slang is a rich source of expressive expressions. Most, like â€Å"bite the bullet,† are clichà ©s, but some, such as â€Å"bomber crew,† are unusual (so much so, sometimes, that in writing they may require a partial explanation). 1. Awkward Squad This obscure but oh-so-useful phrase originated in military usage to refer to a unit of particularly inept recruits. Now, in civilian usage, it denotes an incompetent or obstructive group in a company or organization. 2. AWOL The acronym for â€Å"absent without leave† (pronounced â€Å"AY-wall†), sometimes spelled AWL (though pronounced the same), refers to the status of military personnel who desert their posts. It now refers in general to somebody who literally abandons a location, mentally disengages, or figuratively rejects a previously held conviction or opinion. 3. Bite the Bullet This expression refers to the tradition of giving a wounded soldier a bullet to bite on in the absence of an anesthetic while performing surgery on him on or near the battlefield. (An alternative theory refers to tearing a cartridge open with one’s teeth, but this wasn’t dangerous or difficult.) In casual use, biting the bullet is facing an unpleasant and/or difficult task. 4. Bomber Crew This phrase refers to the cinematic clichà © of the ethnically mixed crew of a military aircraft, familiar to fans of movies filmed and/or set during World War II: The characters, whether representing the crew of a bomber, soldiers in a platoon, or sailors on a ship, typically included such disparate types as a Jew from New York, a Midwestern farm boy, a tough guy from some rust belt metropolis, a Southerner, and so on. The expression could be used, for example, to refer to the â€Å"bomber-crew inclusiveness† of a poster depicting an ethnically diverse array of people. 5. Close Ranks In military formations, to close ranks is to compress the mass of soldiers after marching or standing apart, generally to create a more formidable offensive or defensive formation. In figurative terms, â€Å"closing ranks† now refers to an act of solidarity such as uniformly supporting someone or something subject to criticism. 6. Rank and File In marching and standing formation, soldiers standing abreast are said to be in the same rank, while a line of troops located from front to back is a file. (From the idea that the closer one is to the front of a marching column or a standing unit, the higher one’s place in the military hierarchy, came the use of the word rank to denote a degree of authority.) Now, â€Å"rank and file† is used figuratively to refer to the â€Å"foot soldiers† the ordinary employees as opposed to the leaders of an organization. 7. Scuttlebutt This term derives from the butt, or cask, that held drinking water on sailing ships; it was scuttled, or provided with a hole in the top, so that water could be drawn. In the same way that office workers gather around a water cooler to share gossip, the scuttlebutt was the locale of idle talk among mariners. Hence, scuttlebutt came to refer to the gossip itself, and the usage was extended to civilian environments. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†Cannot or Can Not?How to Punctuate Introductory Phrases

The Substance of Justice Assignment - Sex Offender Records

The Substance of Justice - Sex Offender Records - Assignment Example The sentence for this offence is highest among the penalties subjected to sex offenders. Indecency with a minor is another offence. It involves exposing an adult’s private parts in front of children. In addition, touching the genital of a person of the opposite sex without consent is a sex offence documented in the State department for public safety. Unfortunately, sex offences are mostly targeted at children. In the registry, most of the victims are under the age of 16. It is disturbing to note that male adults sexually harass children aged as low as 7 years. However, there are cases of male adults harassing elderly women with a sample case of an assault on a woman aged 71. The assaults on middle aged women are minimal. Sex offenders are deemed to be dangerous to the community. Actually, I wouldn’t feel safe living among sex offenders. However, taking into consideration the rights of each individual to live in a free country without discrimination lures me to rebel against the stigma that sex offenders are subjected to. Human being are prone to change if given a chance. The community should thus integrate them into the society and engage them if they desire to live normally (King 61). Sex offender records are damaging to the self-esteem and also the future of the convicts after parole. When records remain in the public domain, the offenders are prone to prejudice, and stigma from the public. Integration into the society seems hard to them due to the records. In this regard, the department of public safety should have the records of paroled individual erased if they pose no threat. The cause of the offence each individual committed should be the starting point in gauging the validity of the information in the database. Despite the proposition to erase the criminal records of individuals, there are records that are necessary for public safety. Paroled criminals who have a high chance of repeating the crime

Condition monitoring- Fault diagnosis Literature review

Condition monitoring- Fault diagnosis - Literature review Example onlinear behavior of the manufacturing device has regression performed to filter out noise through the utilization of a kernel based Bayesian structure. The GA tabulates the near optimal control parameters in order to maximize the required objective (Yuan et al., 2007). Rotating machinery fault diagnosis has been attempted using thermal imaging processed through RVM methods in combination with bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) and generalized discriminant analysis (GDA). The BEMD enhanced thermal image is treated with GDA to reduce features after which RVM is implemented for fault classification (Tran et al., 2013). RVM has been compared to support vector machine (SVM) methods to demonstrate its robustness for gear fault detection. Compared to SVM, the RVM method required lesser kernel functions and learning time while demonstrating comparable performance (He et al., 2009). RVM combined with GA has been utilized in state classification of roll bearings. The GA is applied to determine training parameters for RVM. Experimentation and analysis revealed that the application of GA in combination with RVM produced better results than back propagation neural networks and SVM (Li & Liu, 2010). A comparison of multi class RVM and SVM methods for low speed bearing fault detection revealed that RVM methods held great promise for accurate fault classification. Component analysis was carried out in order to classify features and to reduce the dimensions of the raw data set. Fault diagnosis was carried out with feature extraction and without it (Widodo et al., 2009). Wavelet packet feature extraction was applied in tandem with RVM for detecting gear faults. Using the Fisher criterion, the discrimination power of the features is tabulated and two optimal features are selected in the time domain and wavelet domain. These are used as inputs to the RVM. Comparisons with SVM revealed that the RVM based method produced better results for online classification (Li

Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Literature review Example This paper aims to analyze the literature available on the concept of customer satisfaction; hence it is divided into two major sections for the purpose of defining a flow. Initially a very concise review of the concept itself is provided, in light of the literature available, it is then extended to cover and analyze in detail the parallel notion of service quality which is often at times considered to be in correlation with customer satisfaction. The second section focuses on the specific service industry aspect of E-banking services, the service itself is explained and described, followed by an analysis with regards to service quality in the E-banking sector, and furthermore in order to narrow the case in focus, the service quality of E-banking in the Saudi Arabian banking sector is taken under consideration. All the analysis is in light of the literature available with regards to the topics under study. ... tion as a concept has occupied a unique position in marketing practice and research on part of the academia, since the initial research and study undertaken by Cardozo (Cardozo, 1965) on the topics of customer efforts, their expectations and most importantly their satisfaction. Regardless of the fact that the researchers and analysts around the globe have put in great effort and numerous attempts have been made at defining the notion of ‘customer satisfaction’ and its measurement, there still exists no consensus amongst them. Customer satisfaction is most commonly regarded as the post consumption feeling and the evaluation on part of the customer about a particular product of service (Gundersen, Heide and Olsson, 1996). It is a judgment based on evaluation of the pre-consumption expectations from a product/service and the performance of the product on that scale of perception according to the post-consumption experience (Oliver, 1980). The concept which is most widely ac cepted and related to customer satisfaction is the concept is the ‘expectancy disconfirmation theory’, this was a theory devised by Oliver who claimed that satisfaction level is the gap between the expectation and the actual performance of a product. ‘Satisfaction’, which is regarded as the ‘positive disconfirmation’, occurs when the product’s performance is better than the expectation, while on the contrary, when the performance is less than the expectation then it is termed ‘negative disconfirmation’, or in simple terminology as ‘dissatisfaction’ (McQuitty, Finn and Wiley, 2000). Studies throughout time have shown that customer satisfaction has a major impact on business results, and it has been claimed that customer satisfaction has a positive relation with business

Innovation in Food Technology

Innovation in Food Technology Nowadays the there various kind of issues that arroused in our country, Malaysia and most probably the issues strongly related to the food industry. For my essay, i will focus on the issue of innovation in food technology by the used of biotechnology. In order to produce healthy food formulation at the same time nutritious food, various  traditional food technologies have been advanced and new technologies developed efficeintly. Recently, there is an important aspect of innovation in food technology in order to translate nutrition information into a product. (Deliza, Rosenthal Silva, 2003). The issue of innovation in food technology very aspire me to develop more on it because I have found one article from the The Star online newspaper which regarding the improving on food quality. Accoding to that article the University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus is developing new technologies aimed at ensuring the food that we grow is nutritious and safe for consumption. In fact, the Centre of Excellent for Post-Harvest Biotechnology (CEPB) led by Dr Asgar Ali who is expert in post-harvest biology and technology said that. the purpose of the centre is creating new technologies that could decreasing food looses, increasing overall quality and safety of the food. The major reason is to increase the profit to marketers and growers and the make availability of the quality and nutritious food to consumers. Biotechnology uses biological systems, living organisms, or components of organisms to make or modify products or processes for specific uses. For centuries farmers have improved crop plants by traditional breeding techniques, but since thousands of genes are mixed every time two plants are crossed, the outcome of the cross-breeding is random and difficult to control because unwanted characteristics are passed on to the new crop along with the desired ones. Therefore, this traditional cross-breeding can take place only between closely-related species. Modern crop breeders, however, can select a specific genetic trait from any plant, or even from an animal source, and transfer it into the genetic code of another plant through modern biotechnology. In addition, Some people feel that the effects of Genetically Modified (GM) crops on human health are not yet adequately understood. There are concerns about the use of viral DNA during the modification process, and some question whether there would be new health risks if genes introduced in a GM crop were to be taken up by the human body. The safety of GM crops is often assessed by comparison with the closest conventional counterpart. All in all, the main issue regarding biotechnology in food production is whether genetically modified technologies is safe to consume and it is still to be resolved even after the enactment of the Biosafety Act 2007 (Phuoc, 2012) This issue give the big impact on the social, economic and political factors. In a modern society, people desire both good health and endurance and hence demand nutritious and functional food that promotes their wellbeing, enjoyment, and active lifestyle. Today, there are widely used of biotechnology in food production and we as a consumer does not know whether the food that we consume is safe to consume or not. Basically, biotechnology can contribute to future food security if it benefits sustainable small-farm agriculture in developing countries. Significant deviation exists in everyones opinions about biotechnology. Although there is wide support in health benefits for plant biotechnology, but still have differ views on the issue of animal genetics for economic gains. While some are conflicting to it, many are unsolve about genetically modified foods. There are concerns that the application of GM crops might direct to a reduction in biodiversity (the variety of plants and animals in the wild), Mainly in areas where the crop is originated and a broad range of natural genetic diversification is found. There might also be unexpected consequences of gene transfer (or gene flow) between plants, for example an irretrievable or uncontrollable escape of genes into neighbouring wild plants by pollen. The concern arise regarding that pests or weeds could acquire resistance to crops (Anonymous 2, 2003). The other effect to the social is regarding the human health towards this issue. Allergenicity, many children in the United State and Europe have suffurred from life-threatening allergies to peanuts and other foods. There is a high possibility that introducing a gene into a plant may create a new  allergen  or cause an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals. Therefore, a proposal to integrate a gene from Brazil nuts into soybeans was deserted in order to avoid unexpected allergic reactions. There is a growing concern that introducing foreign genes into food plants may have an unexpected and negative impact on human health. A recent article published in Lancet examined the effects of GM potatoes on the digestive tract in rats.. There were significant differences in the intestines of rats fed GM potatoes and rats fed normal potatoes Yet critics say that this paper, like the monarch butterfly data, is flawed and does not hold up to scientific analysis. Moreover, the gene inserted into the potatoes known as snowdrop flower lectin and this substances can cause toxic to mammals. Biotechnology may offer a way out of this dependence on unsustainable agriculture by eventually producing crop plants that enable agriculture to sustain yields but minimize environmental impacts. But the perception in Europe is that some of the present generation of genetically modified (GM) crops, especially those developed for the US agricultural situation, which are herbicide- tolerant and insect-resistant, may present yet further risks to biodiversity in our present intensive agricultural system. Instead of influencing social, the biotechnology in food also will affect the economic as well by bringing a GM food to market is a lengthy and costly process, and of course agri-biotech companies wish to ensure a profitable return on their investment. Many new plant genetic engineering technologies and GM plants have been patented, and patent infringement is a big concern of agribusiness (Whitman, 2000) . Yet consumer advocates are worried that patenting these new plant varieties will raise the price of seeds so high that small farmers and third world countries will not be able to afford seeds for GM crops, thus widening the gap between the wealthy and the poor. It is hoped that in a humanitarian gesture, more companies and non-profits will follow the lead of the Rockefeller Foundation and offer their products at reduced cost to impoverished nations. Patent enforcement may also be difficult, as the contention of the farmers that they involuntarily grew Monsanto-engineered strains when their crops were cross-pollinated shows. One way to combat possible patent infringement is to introduce a suicide gene into GM plants. These plants would be viable for only one growing season and would produce sterile seeds that do not germinate. Farmers would need to buy a fresh supply of seeds each year. However, this would be financially disastrous for farmers in third world countries who cannot afford to buy seed each year and traditionally set aside a portion of their harvest to plant in the next growing season. In an open letter to the public, Monsanto has pledged to abandon all research using this suicide gene technology (Whitman, 2000). The last implication regarding political factors. To date, there is no evidence that any harm has come to anyone of the millions of people around the world in the last decade who have eaten foods derived from biotechnology. Regulatory authorities in the region closely monitor the safety of all foods including foods produced through biotechnology. The Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization have established procedures to determine the safety of biotechnology products and these procedures are met or exceeded by regulatory systems around the world. Countries such as the United States, Japan, Canada, Australia, Argentina, Korea, Russia, Poland, Hungary, Romania and the European. Union have all used their regulatory process to determine the food safety of at least one product of biotechnology. Developments in food biotechnology have had numerous impacts on how food is produced, packaged, tested and preserved as whole it give big impact to the food industry. Many of the changes have meant undisputable improvements to our safety and health, while others are more controversial. For example, by using the biotechnology in food processing in where plastic wraps that  prevent food from spoiling  inhibit the growth of bacteria, and some are even edible. Natural antibiotic substances derived from sources such as cloves, oregano, thyme and paprika have been combined with controlled-release biodegradable polymers (smart polymers) to create plastics that can prevent biofilm formation resulting high quality of food products in the market. In the area of food manufacturing, the use of biotechnology falls into four main categories, namely: 1) foods consisting of or containing viable organisms; 2) foods obtained from or containing ingredients obtained from GMOs; 3) foods containing single ingredients or additives produced by genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs); and 4) foods containing ingredients processed by enzymes produced by GMMs (Hsieh and Ofori, 2007). The food industry plays a vital role in shaping consumers attitudes and appetite for new food items. This is particularly true for the products developed with biotechnology. Opponents have waged an aggressive campaign to pressure the industry into publicly rejecting biotechnology. In such cases, companies have been forced to take steps against their own beliefs and long- term interests (Thomas, 2000). Their main concerns involve lack of consumer acceptance not the safety of the foods. They express high levels of confidence in the science and the regulatory process. In fact, almost none feel that biotechnology should not be used because of uncertain, potential risks. Most food industry leaders do not feel it is necessary to have special labels on foods developed through biotechnology. They express concerns that such labels would be perceived as a warning by consumers. They also worried that the need to segregate commodities would pose financial and logistical burdens on everyone in the system including consumers. Food industry leaders recognize a major need to educate the public about biotechnology. They look to third parties, such as university and government scientists to provide such leadership. Many solutions that could be done to make sure that the isssue regarding biotechnology in food can be overcome. From my point of view, one of the best way is extensive testing of GM foods may be required to avoid the possibility of harm to consumers with food allergies. Plus, labeling of GM foods and food products will acquire new importance. According to Whitman (2000) , Labeling of GM foods and food products is also a contentious issue. On the whole, agribusiness industries believe that labeling should be voluntary and influenced by the demands of the free market. If consumers show preference for labeled foods over nonlabeled foods, then industry will have the incentive to regulate itself or risk alienating the customer. Consumer interest groups, on the other hand, are demanding mandatory labeling. People have the right to know what they are eating, argue the interest groups, and historically industry has proven itself to be unreliable at self-compliance with existing safety regula tions. preventing outcrossing by engineering pollen incompatibility and other mechanisms into crops. This could significantly reduce the risk of spread of GM traits into native species. On the other hand, achieving insect resistance by altering physical characteristics of plants, perhaps by increasing hairiness or thickening the plant cuticle. This could reduce insecticide use, without using in-plant toxins. Securing fungal resistance in adult plants by switching on resistance genes that are active in the seed, but not currently in adult plants.This seems to be an elegant and safe use of biotechnology which could lead to significant reductions in fungicide use. Research shows that consumers will accept biotech foods if they see a benefit to themselves or society and if the price is right. Their responses to foods developed through biotechnology are basically the same as for any other food: taste, nutrition, price, safety and convenience are the major factors that influence our decisions about which foods to eat. How seeds and food ingredients are developed will only be relevant for a relatively small group of concerned, consumers. The food industry needs to focus on what it does best: namely producing and distributing value added foods that consumers want. Given that we have only one planet, more people to feed and fewer resources available what shall we do? A smart way would be to use the tools we have at our disposal to better adapt to future changes and invest in those innovative solutions. We have the technology. We have the infrastructure. The rules and regulations are already in place. Must we have a crisis before we act in Europe?

Behavioral Treatment Programs for Methamphetamine Addiction Essay

Methamphetamine is a powerful and dangerous drug. It has the reputation as being a delightful and sneaky drug that robs your body of life. Although it has been around for over sixty years, it is only in the last 30 years that people have realized what a significant problem it has caused. Treatment for Methamphetamine remains mainly in the experimental stages and needs more research to find the exact treatment protocol. Methamphetamine addiction is extremely hard to treat (Lee& Rawson, 2009). The main reasons are due to the length of time it takes for the drug to pass through the body. Depending how much and how long the drug has been used determines the best course of treatment for a client(Inaba & Cohen, 2011). A person may need inpatient care in order to handle the withdrawal symptoms. Drug protocols are being researched, but none has been proven effective at this time. Pharmaceuticals have been combined with other treatments to lessen the symptoms that are the result of stopping Methamphertmine use. Most of the treatment consists of behavioral treatment programs. Trends Critique Cognitive Behavior Therapy is a form of talk therapy that is used to reframe and recondition the way an addict thinks about drug use (Baker & Lee, 2009). Cognitive Behavior Therapy teaches a meth addict ways to process information or stimuli similar to the 12 steps program, but the program is a more structured approach for the client(Masters, 2009). The therapy sessions usually consist of at least sixteen sessions. It assists the client in developing alternative thought patterns that replace the craving for the drug. This treatment protocol is easily adaptable to meet different cultural needs or bias. Methamphetamine addicts often experi... ...havior. References California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs (2007). Methamphetamine Treatment: Practitioners Reference. University of California. Drug Enforcement Administration Office of Diversion Control (2011). Controlled Substances Schedules. U. S. Department of Justice. Fee, E. (2011). Charles E. Terry (1878-1945): Early campaigner against drug addiction. American Journal of Public Health 101(3). Ghatak, S. (2012). The Opoumvois: The Biopolitics of Narcotic Control in the United States 1914-1935. [Critical Criminology]. 18(1). Accessed from SocIndex with full text on February 8, 2012. Glover-Kekvliet, J. (2009). The Methamphetamine Crisis in American Indian and Native Alaskan Communities: Towards a New Research Agenda. Addictions. 1(12). Hunt, D., Kuck, S. & Truitt, L. (2006). Methamphetamine Use: Lessons Learned. ABT

Studying in Group at High School in Beijing: a Survey

Studying in group at high school in Beijing: A survey LV YUJIA Louisa Student Number: 09010022 Name of the Lecturer: Edwin Baak Date: 12/26/2011 Renda B 09 Acknowledgements Thanks for my friends Zhao Shanshan and Hu Surui helping finish the research questionnaire to students. I am very grateful to teacher Mr. Baak to his useful guidance to write this paper. Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. 5 1. Background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. â € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 2. Statement of the problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 1. Review of the literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2. Design and measurement used†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 10 3. Results†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 4. Discussions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. 12 5. Conclusions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 13 6. Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 1. Research recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦.. †¦14 2. Issued-related recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 14 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦15 Appendix A†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 17 The Abstract: Nowadays, with the speeding up of world economy, the world is becoming smaller and smaller, so that the competition among people from different ountries is becoming fierce, which is the motivation to promote people to study hard so as to survive in the competitive world. People always try to find the suitable study methods to upgrade the effectiveness. Either studying in a group or studying alone is the better way has caused public debate. Some people hold that there is no denying that studying in a group exerts positive impact on many aspects. First and foremost, studying in a group, the principal methods in many schools, is beneficial to mutual understanding, which will enhance students’ communication abilities.Besides, the efficiency of solving problems will definitely be improved, for they can get he lp from partners. Last but not least, Student can study well when he is studying with a group of students because he can get good ideas from others which he don't know and more over he will not feel bore while he is studying. If he got any doubts while studying, he can clarify the doubts immediately. Other people strongly claim that there are many students who have got great achievements by studying alone insisting that independent study is feasible and more effective. To put it another way, one can study without any disturbance.While studying alone he can't get good ideas. If he got any doubt, it cannot be clarify by his own. Then it will be time waste for him. For example, while he is studying alone if the subject is not interest to him, his mind may get divert from the subject and concentration will be lost. First, I will go to the school to do a survey about study in the class. Second, the questionnaire topic is probably about do you think study in group? And, which way is bette r for you? Is studying in group or studying alone? Third, I would ask some questions to some parents and teachers.Key word: good way to study, group study, study alone, high school, distance education, one-on-one tutoring 1. Introduction 1. Background In the 21st century, most of the family has an only child out of the police in china. Such a child is an apple in the eyes in a family. It is every parent's desire to give their children the best start in life, they would like to search a best way to their children and get a great education. Almost all students were tutored by one-on-one. And some students have an experience of distance learning. At the same time, the traditional educational means confronts a huge challenge.Some parents support their child study alone because of they believe that it is a good way to concentrate on his or her study. Currently there has been a fierce debate over whether students should go to school study in group or study alone at home. Views on the hot issue vary greatly. Advocates of studying alone hold the benefits of students are well documented. Students who study at home by themselves are often described as more confident, independent and worldly wise than schools’ student counterpart. Because of they need to independently read more books and webpage to look for more information.Moreover, there are many ways to acquire knowledge, such as distance learning, one-on-one class and soon on. Students can choose a good way to study according to different situation. Worst of all, reports are often heard that some students committed suicide or murdered their roommates. So that, some people choose to study alone and even gave up the opportunity of go to school due to severe pressure from the student will be compare with others. On the other hand, innovative as distance-learning technology may be, it can supersede classrooms altogether. True education should not be confined to the delivery of information.It should involve the cul tivation of effective learning habits, the development of group discussion skills and the encouragement of collaboration as well, which we cannot find in online course. More importantly, campus-based education tend to foster a mentoring partnership between educators and learners while in reality, distance education rarely helps to establish a mentoring relationship between the faculty members and the students, due to the long physical distance. Amid these people who have argued in study ways the high students take up quite large proportion.According to a net of education, at least half of high schools’ students go through tutoring alone. And most students’ parents willing to spent money on study alone. Thus if you want to research the good way to study, you must focus on high school students. There are many reasons to choose the students of high school as respondents. Firstly, students have more experience than other school of basic education. Secondly, there is bitter competition for student. As is well know the college entrance exam is a real challenge to students, students want to do their best to meet the challenge.Thus they will choose a good way to study at any cost. Finally, and above all, the competition is fierce and the nine-hour test is offered just once a year and is the sole determinant for admission to virtually all Chinese colleges and universities. Moreover, the college entrance examination is seen as potentially life-changing. If you enter a university through the exam, your life career and future life will be decide. Everyone attaches great importance to this exam. In recent years, the field of education becomes a hot industry. Meanwhile, more and more problems appear in education.For school study, they always make a ranking and everyone can see the results of other students to see all the students of all grade rankings. This measure will undoubtedly bring them great pressure to study, even affect health and life. We often read the news student suicides of form the news paper. However, student is more confidence who study alone at home. They can get the tutoring which is face-to-face. It is a very good and effective way of learning. But it is not a good way to good communication skills and has team work spirit. 2. Statement of the problem Each one has its own superiority.During the researching course, I try to analyze and study to this problem from different point of view. I research many different questions, such as which ways of study of you like, do you think some problem exist in study in a group, how long you will study at home everyday and soon on. I survey this question due to we need know whether students more efficient who study alone, whether more and more student don’t like study at school, whether there are some problems exist in tradition education, whether study alone is better than studying in a group, whether parent sand teachers of students support to study alone and so on. . Review of literature According to this literature, there are other factors affect students. Its action cannot small inspect. Firstly, it’s important to spend your time productively. Students need to make a clearly plans and schedule, meanwhile, they should to learn the top student has no intrusions on study time. Secondly, every student should seek out a method of learning which is suit to him/her. They cannot copy other people’s ways due to the different level of different students.Finally, if you don’t have any interesting in study and even don’t know why you need to study, you cannot get a high score even if you stand in a good group or have a good tutor. They need improve their skill and have fun. Indeed, study skills are not the most important things. But there are the bases of study. When you finish it, the environment will become more important. To be sure, people are different. Everyone should to choose a way which is adapt to him or her to study. For t his literature, we know that there are main ways to study. One of this is belong to studying in a group and others are belonging to study alone.They are group study, one-on-one tutoring and distance education. Group study is benefit to establish the confidence of students. It can easily build team spirit among classmate. If you are one member of a group, you will be watching by other members in the group. You will have to try harder due to you wanting to more successful and getting the credit for. Moreover, a group likes a piece. Everyone will do their best to help you when your stand in the same group. Solving problem will become easier, because you're not alone, and there is strength in numbers! At the same time, a problem exists in the group.A member of group in charge of a part so that they cannot understand the whole of one topic which is his or her group researched. If you study alone, you need do anything by yourself. It is a better way to acquire new knowledge and research q uestions. The tutoring of one-on-one is benefit to everyone due to the pertinence of student. When you distract to some things, you will not worry didn't hear what the teacher was saying. If you could not compass the simplest problems, you could ask your tutor and do not worries to be laughed by other classmate. And teacher will follow you and choose the best way and important course to you.However, we cannot overlook the disadvantage of this way. First, if you choose tutoring of one-on-one, you will lose the power of activities with other classmates. I maybe feel tired and boring for study alone. Second, it is not easy to find out a textbook to adapt you. Third, you do not know the level of tutoring teacher. You maybe cannot meet a teacher which tutor is suit to you. Distance education has the advantage of low-cost and easy to save time. Students can study on anywhere and any time. Compare with one-on-one tutor is a good way to save money and get pointed comments on study.But it st ill has some problems. First, there are a lot of tutor from 3rd world due to they want to save money. They do not know the system of your country and cannot give you a good idea of study. Moreover, sometimes we cannot meet the on-line tutor to know about teaching level. Lastly, teaching on-line is not a good way to communication with teacher. Because the internet is not very stability, the speed is very slow. Sometimes we will loss some information due to the latency. If you can learning of face-to-face, you can use the body language explain your mind. 3. Design and Measurements usedThere are three kinds of people are relative to this survey. They are parents, teachers and students. Thus, the questionnaire includes three aspect questions to different people. However, the high school students who will accept more in-depth questions as the main respondents. The questionnaire consists mainly of three parts. In the first place, the question is about the basic information of all particip ants. And, the participants will be arranging to different groups according to the basic information. For example, girls and boys will have different choice when they face to some things.If students can choose the school, girls maybe focus on school uniform which school’s is more beautiful and boys will be attracts to excellent sporting facilities. In the second place, the question is about the extant problems and advantage. Such as, what problem you face in study in a group or study alone. This part will be conducive to we find out the problem in the two ways and help us solve current problems more correctly to choose a good way to study. Finally, the investigations are focus on the expectantly things. Such as, which ways you want to add in your study process.We need know which ways of study of people like in further and therefore further research. 4. Result The survey shows that there are seventy percent students choose studying in a group is a good way to study. There are two reasons: Two-thirds of this people gave reason is that they cannot make a good plan and control themselves. One-thirds of this people gave the reason is that they can make new friend and have activities with others. But sixty percent of these persons have experience to study alone by one-on-one tutoring. And nearly ninety people would like to try to study alone in future.Students who support study alone are a good way to study about thirty percent. Most people think that it is a great help for my quick improving the score. However, nine out of ten people claim that it is a method to help study but it is the main way to study. One ninth of the students choose to get the tutor by one-on-on due to they need to be target. A tenth of the students choose the on-line tutoring. They believe that it can save money and easy to control the teaching time. The last part is about the parents and teachers of students. Almost all parents and teachers support study in a group.But they always bel ieve that if their children and students would like to improve the level of student they will to encourage these students. 5. Conclusion My question is that what is better way to study? It can be found there are many ways to study. Firstly, study skills are important whatever you studying in a group or study alone. Secondly, the research show that most people think group study is better to study. Lastly, studying alone only as the assistant study method. However, some students are favor to study alone who are an average student or a poor student.They believe that they can get the effective guidance from the one-on-one tutoring. Other students are support studying in a group who are top student. They claim that it is unnecessary spent to a private teacher. For teachers and parents, they have the same viewpoint. Study alone is a way to help student to improve themselves, but it is not the best way to study. If the student can understand the knowledge in the class, study alone is not n ecessary. 6. Discussion The survey only includes the high school student, and only search the answer form my brother’s class.The class only have 60 members is not enough to a prefect research. For the party of teacher and parents, the research is more imperfection due to small group in search. So the study is no authoritative answer to these questions. And there also have some problem in this research. For example, there have many ways to study, such as, study in a teaching center, study by yourself and soon on. But I only search the study in group. And the way of study alone also has many ways. This paper only aim to a small group who study in high school. Actually, there has a small group study alone now.All in all, the survey has its limitation. [pic] 7. Recommendations 1. Research recommendation Firstly, you need to read a lot of articles what you want to research. Because this can help you gain a main idea of the field. Meanwhile, you will get the different perspectives from different authors. Moreover, making notes is also important to search a problem. Due to we need to understand what the articles say. It is not only to copy it. Next, most information is coming from the Internet which is not regular compare with other academic books. We should go to the library to find information.Lastly but not least, the investigator needs to search from different groups in a particular community and different level. One fields people is different to other fields. 2. Issue-related recommendations First of all, the people should focus on a variety of ways to ask questions. For example, Likert scale guarantees a survey to including the overall aspects of the problem which is very useful. We can ensure that the length of the questionnaire, which respond may a few time. And, there has a easy way to ask questions of the model. Another example is APA style, it is also a good way to sure where the literature.It not only useful to writer to found out more point, but a lso telling the reader where the point from. It is a good way to make you researcher more regular and have authority. References * Brain Stocker: How To Study Alone, August 26, 2008 from http://www. test-preparation. ca/study-center/how-to-study-alone/ * Francois Betim, Reference and Education †¢ Published: December 9, 2008 How to Study Alone and Pass Exams, from * Dr. Bob Kizlik,(1997) Effective Study Skills. How to Study and Make the Most of Your Time September 19, 1997,from http://www. adprima. com/studyout. htm * Wikipedia contributor(2011) Distance education, from http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Distance_education * Tutorfi(2009), Benefits of One on One Online Tutoring: Specialized Teaching Methodology. From http://www. tutorfi. com/OnlineTutoringDefined/oneononeonlinetutoring * Merryjazz(2006),The Advantages and Disadvantages of Study Groups, From http://www. studyskillsblog. com/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-study-groups/ * Grace Fleming(2009), Would Group Study Impr ove Your Grades? About. com Guide, from http://homeworktips. about. com/od/homeworkhelp/a/study. htm * Bruno Linhares(2005), Distance education or distance learning, from http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Distance_education * Anton Lebedev(2011), The Disadvantages of Online Tutoring, from http://ezinearticles. com/? The-Disadvantages-of-Online-TutoringHYPERLINK â€Å"http://ezinearticles. com/? The-Disadvantages-of-Online-Tutoring&id=4781285† â€Å"http://ezinearticles. com/? The-Disadvantages-of-Online-Tutoring&id=4781285†³id=4781285 * Guestbook(2001), Group Tutoring vs. One-on-One Tutoring, from http://www. squidoo. com/group-tutoring-vs-one-on-one-tutoring Appendix A Questionnaires What is the better way to study? 1. Tick your gender group. Please choose only one of the following: ?Male ? Female 2. Tick an age group. Please choose only one of the following: ? 16-19 ? 20-23 ? 24-27 ? 28+ If none of these, please state what you think here__________ 3. Please take your grad e in school or your child(or students) in? ?G1-G6 ? G7-G9 ? G10-G11 ? G12 or over 4. Tick where do you study now: ?School ? Home ? Others 5. Tick you get good grades in school: ?Great ? General ? Lower-middle ? Bad If you like you can write you score__________ 6. Do you think the academic environment is important? ?Yes ? No ? Doesn’t matter . Which is better way for you or child? ?Studying in a group ? Studying alone 8. Do you please a tutor of one-on-one? ?Yes ? No ? Never 9. Could you listen attentively and carefully in class? ?Yes ? No ? Most ? less 10. Do you want to study alone? ?Yes ? No 11. Are you always discussed the problem with your classmate? ?Yes ? No ? Sometimes ? Never 12. What would you like to do at home? ?Study ? Play ? Housework ? others 13. Do you think the distance education is a good way to study? ?Yes ? No 14.How many hours did you have for learning everyday? ?1-4hours 4-8hours ? 8hours or over 15. Are you always reviewing your lessons carefully after g oing back home? ?yes ? no ? sometimes 16. Do you have the initiative for learning? ?Active learning ? Can finish ? Can not finish 17. Do you have confident in your ability? ?Yes ? No 18. Do you always attend the discussion in the group? ?Always ? Sometimes ? Never 19. For study, do you to send from your classmate? ?Always ? electric toys ? camera ? other 20. Do you have a good plan for study?

What to Do If You Are Being Stalked

What to Do If You Are Being Stalked If you suspect that youre being stalked, you should report all contacts and incidents to local law enforcement, according to the Office for Victims of Crime. The brochure Stalking Victimization from the U.S. Department of Justice OVC, gives the following tips for those who are being stalked: To make arrest and prosecution more likely, stalking victims should document every incident as thoroughly as possible, including collecting/keeping videotapes, audiotapes, phone answering machine messages, photos of property damage, letters received, objects left, affidavits from eyewitnesses, and notes. Experts also recommend victims keep a journal to document all incidents, including the time, date, and other relevant information for each. Regardless of how much evidence youve gathered, file a complaint with law enforcement as soon as possible. You Are Not to Blame As a result of the stalking, you may experience a variety of physical, emotional, and financial consequences. The emotional trauma of constantly being on alert for the stalker, or the next harassment, may seem to use up all the energy you have. You may feel vulnerable and out of control of your life. You may have nightmares. Your eating and sleeping habits may change. You may feel depressed or hopeless and lack interest in things you once enjoyed. This is not unusual. The constant stress in stalking situations is very real and harmful. Realize that what is happening to you is not normal, not your fault, and not caused by anything you have done. Where Can You Get Help? As a stalking victim, you are not alone. Do not lose hope. The support network in your community may include hotlines, counseling services, and support groups. Trained victim advocates can provide vital information and a full range of support services, such as assistance through the criminal justice process and assistance with ​finding out about your rights as a stalking victim. You may be able to obtain a restraining order or a no-contact order through the clerk of court. These are court orders signed by a judge telling the stalker to stay away from you and not to have contact with you in person or by phone. It is not necessary for a civil or criminal domestic violence case to be filed for these orders to be issued. Most states authorize law enforcement to make an arrest for violation of such an order. Each jurisdiction and community may differ in the type of restraining order available and the process for application and issuance of orders. Local victim advocates can tell you how the process works in your community. All states now have crime victim compensation programs that reimburse victims for certain out-of-pocket expenses, including medical expenses, lost wages, and other financial needs considered reasonable. To be eligible, you must report the crime to the police and cooperate with the criminal justice system. Victim assistance programs in your community can provide you with compensation applications and additional information. Source: Office for the Victims of Crime

Battle of the Monongahela in the French and Indian War

Battle of the Monongahela in the French and Indian War The Battle of Monongahela was fought on July 9, 1755, during the French and Indian War (1754-1763) and represented a failed attempt by the British to capture the French post at Fort Duquesne. Leading a slow advance north from Virginia, General Edward Braddock encountered a mixed French and Native American force near his objective. In the resulting engagement, his men struggled with the forest landscape and he fell mortally wounded. After Braddock was hit, the British ranks collapsed and the looming defeat turned into a rout. Fort Duquesne would remain in French hands for four more years. Assembling an Army In the wake of Lieutenant Colonel George Washingtons defeat at Fort Necessity in 1754, the British decided to mount a larger expedition against Fort Duquesne (present-day Pittsburgh, PA) the following year. Led by Braddock, the commander-in-chief of British forces in North America, the operation was to be one of many against French forts on the frontier. Though the most direct route to Fort Duquesne was through Pennsylvania, Lieutenant Governor Robert Dinwiddie of Virginia successfully lobbied to have the expedition depart from his colony. Though Virginia lacked the resources to support the campaign, Dinwiddie desired the military road that would be built by Braddock to pass through his colony as it would benefit his business interests. Arriving at Alexandria, VA in early 1755, Braddock began assembling his army which was centered on the under-strength 44th and 48th Regiments of Foot. Selecting Fort Cumberland, MD as his departure point, Braddocks expedition was beset with administrative issues from the outset. Hampered by a lack of wagons and horses, Braddock required the timely intervention of Benjamin Franklin to supply sufficient numbers of both. Braddocks Expedition After some delay, Braddocks army, numbering around 2,400 regulars and militia, departed Fort Cumberland on May 29. Among those in the column was Washington who had been appointed as an aide-de-camp to Braddock. Following the trail blazed by Washington the year before, the army moved slowly as it needed to widen the road to accommodate the wagons and artillery. After moving around twenty miles and clearing the eastern branch of the Youghiogheny River, Braddock, on Washingtons advice, split the army in two. While Colonel Thomas Dunbar advanced with the wagons, Braddock rushed ahead with around 1,300 men. The First of the Problems Though his flying column was not encumbered with the wagon train, it still moved slowly. As a result, it became plagued by supply and disease problems as it crawled along. As his men moved north, they met light resistance from Native Americans allied with the French. Braddocks defensive arrangements were sound and few men were lost in these engagements. Nearing Fort Duquesne, Braddocks column was required to cross the Monongahela River, march two miles along the east bank, and then re-ford at Fraziers Cabin. Braddock expected both crossing to be contested, and was surprised when no enemy troops appeared. Fording the river at Fraziers Cabin on July 9, Braddock re-formed the army for the final seven-mile push to the fort. Alerted to the British approach, the French planned to ambush Braddocks column as they knew the fort could not withstand the British artillery. Leading a force of around 900 men, most of which were Native American warriors, Captain Lià ©nard de Beaujeu was delayed in departing. As a result, they encountered the British advance guard, led by Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Gage, before they could set the ambush. Armies Commanders British Major General Edward Braddock1,300 men French Indians Captain Lià ©nard de BeaujeuCaptain Jean-Daniel Dumas891 men The Battle of  Monongahela Opening fire on the approaching French and Native Americans, Gages men killed de Beaujeu in their opening volleys. Attempting to make a stand with his three companies, Gage was soon outflanked as Captain Jean-Daniel Dumas rallied de Beaujeus men and pushed them through the trees. Under heavy pressure and taking casualties, Gage ordered his men to fall back on Braddocks men. Retreating down the trail, they collided with the advancing column and confusion began to reign. Unused to forest fighting, the British attempted to form their lines while the French and Native Americans fired on them from behind cover (Map). As smoke filled the woods, British regulars accidentally fired on friendly militia believing them to be the enemy. Flying around the battlefield, Braddock was able to stiffen his lines as makeshift units began to offer resistance. Believing that his mens superior discipline would carry the day, Braddock continued the fight. After about three hours, Braddock was hit in the chest by bullet. Falling from his horse, he was carried to the rear. With their commander down, British resistance collapsed and they began falling back towards the river. Defeat Becomes a Rout As the British retreated, the Native Americans surged forward. Wielding tomahawks and knives, they caused a panic in the British ranks which turned the retreat into a rout. Gathering what men he could, Washington formed a rear guard which allowed many of the survivors to escape. Re-crossing the river, the beaten British were not pursued as the Native Americans set about looting and scalping the fallen. Aftermath The Battle of the Monongahela cost the British 456 killed and 422 wounded. French and Native American casualties are not known with precision but are speculated to have been around 30 killed and wounded. The survivors of the battle retreated back down the road until reuniting with Dunbars advancing column. On July 13, as the British camped near Great Meadows, not far from the site of Fort Necessity, Braddock succumbed to his wound. Braddock was buried the next day in the middle of the road. The army then marched over the grave to eliminate any trace of it in order to prevent the generals body being recovered by the enemy. Not believing that he could continue the expedition, Dunbar elected to withdraw towards Philadelphia. Fort Duquesne would finally be taken by British forces in 1758, when an expedition led by General John Forbes reached the area. In addition to Washington, the Battle of the Monongahela featured several prominent officers who would later serve in the American Revolution (1775-1783) including Horatio Gates, Charles Lee, and Daniel Morgan.

Logistics Planning Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Logistics Planning Case - Essay Example Organization should take into consideration customers supply chain and their logistic operations. The company should be a factor in the requirements of the market and the needs of the customers so that organization can avail goods and services to the customers at the right place, condition and at the right time (Crammer, & Wegfahrt, 2006). Therefore, the study focus to identify whether customers drive location of the business and how it may affect logistic planning in various industries such as beer, clothing, and automobile industry. The company selected for the purpose of this study is Empresas Polar, a Bear Manufacturing Corporation in Venezuela. The company location decision has been compared regarding distribution and retailer location as discussed. Empress Polar is a private beer manufacturing company located in Venezuela in Caracas. Mendoza Lorenzo started the company in the year 1941. Since then, the company has grown significantly. It has expanded its operation to numerous parts of the world. The location of Empresas Polar is important because it faster delivery of goods and services to the consumers at the right time. It also ensures that unnecessary delay in delivery of products and services have been eradicated. The company distributes five different brands of bears in its various distribution centers. Some of the alcoholic brands of beers being distributed include; Solera, Polar, Negra, Verde, and Azul. There is also one non-alcoholic drink commonly known as ZERO.

Community corrections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Community corrections - Essay Example Furthermore, community correction officers are now being required to perform more duties for the criminals as compared to the past and their salaries have not been increased in compliance with the increase in their duties. The policy makers need to read this article and realize and accept these issues and increase the funding of community corrections and increase the salaries paid to community correction officers. Furthermore, the policy makers even need to increase in the number of community correction officers to share the workload. The article is even very helpful for those who are pursuing a career in the field of criminal justice system or who aspire to become the administrators of community correction. It informs them about the challenges they will be facing in future as community correction managers as well as community correction officers. This article can even be used by students and educationists to research the field of community corrections and find solutions to the probl ems faced by this

Techniques To Optimize Communication Skills Assignment

Techniques To Optimize Communication Skills - Assignment Example When I have to communicate with my team members, I would endeavor to keep the following techniques in mind to ensure optimized communications.Interaction Model: With a linear mode of communication, one finds it easy to make the listener understand his or her points. In all my transactions, I have seen that instead of going through a medium, one on one interaction with the listener has worked best for me. It helps develop fruitful communication and establish understanding and grow relationships in better ways. Even when interacting with the team I prefer to use interactive model through which multiple listeners can react to what I am saying one by one. This mode according to me has the least barriers to communication. I always ensure that the medium of the message is as direct as is possible to avoid misunderstandings. Transaction Model: This is more effective in group and multi-listener scenarios, wherein the speaker has all the attention of the audience and keeps it that way through the use of intelligent phrases and quips that indulge the audience and make them agree or disagree with the point being asked much like a dance between partners (Baack, 2012). However, I prefer to use this in group communication scenarios rather than one to one conversations since it starts to sound animated when too much of transaction is encouraged in one to one conversations.In both of the above techniques, barriers are extremely reduced which is the main reason why I prefer to use it.

Reaction to Everyday Use Essay Example for Free

Reaction to Everyday Use Essay Everyday Use is a short story written by Alice Walker about a family of three, Mama, the narrator, Maggie her youngest daughter, and Dee, her eldest daughter. Both daughters are completely different, Maggie is a simpler person and Dee is high maintenance. Dee has always the home she was brought up in and everything to do with her childhood. She always wanted more and Mama gave her the best she could. One day, years after Dee has gone off to college, she returns to visit Mama and Maggie’s new home (the other had been burnt down when Dee was still living with them), and she brings along a man, possibly her husband. When Dee returns she has changed her name and has come hoping to retrieve certain family heirlooms. Walker uses different literary tools to tell this story in a way that makes the audience think about what she is trying to tell the audience. Strategy The main literary strategy Walker uses in the writing of Everyday Use are irony and symbolism. Mama and Maggie value the quilts discussed in the story, not as folk art, instead for what they are intended to be used for, a source of warmth. Mama would rather give Maggie the quilts and let her put these quilts to use even though they may end up ruined because she knows that she is the one that will appreciate and love the quilts the most. Dee wants to in a sense save the quilts from the harm that she is sure that her sister, whom she seems to think is intelligently inferior will ruin but she does not understand the true value and worth of these quilts. Dee’s sudden interest in her heritage and want to embrace different objects from her family’s past is obviously seen by her mother as empty. In Mama’s eyes the best way to keep the quilts and the love and care that comes with them in the family is to hand them over to Maggie, even if it means them possibly being damaged or worse yet, destroyed. This is the irony in the story. Many would think that preserving the quilts is the only respectful way of keeping the spirit of their family alive, but instead Mama sees deeper than that, she sees in actuality the best way to keep the spirit of their family alive is to put them to use so that more memories can be connected to them. Using them in daily life is a way to keep the family history and spirit alive, and to even add onto it. Theme The consistent theme of Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† is appreciating the past, and one’s family. This theme was one that I found I could identify with greatly along with certain aspects of the story. The author skillfully tells us the story of two sisters, Dee, and Maggie, to prove her point. Dee comes home with a new contemporary identity tied to her African heritage, which she believes white men and women have tried to take away from her. She now embraces this African heritage and sees it as an important part of her. She scornfully asks Mama (the narrator) to not address her by the name her mother gave her, Dee, but to instead call her Wangero, assumed to be a name from her African herritage: What happened to Dee? I wanted to know. Shes dead, Wangero (Dee) said. I couldnt bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me. Wangero (Dee) assumes and argues with her mother that she has been named \ after a white man or woman. Mama attempts to convince her that her name was not given to her by a white man or woman but that she was named after her grandmother. Dee resists what her mother has told her and insists that if she were to follow the line that it would go back to a white man or woman. Maggie, is unashamed of her past, she actually embraces it. She has always loved the quilts that her mother and aunt made from clothing that her grandmother had pieced. This section of the story is the prime difference between the sisters is revealed: Dee would like to use the quilts as pieces of artwork for her own home because it is something that would be stylish and argues with her mother that Maggie would be backward enough to put them to everyday use. Dee says this as if it were a bad thing to use the quilts as they were intended to be used but Mama believes that the everyday use, is the best way to value the past, to keep the spirit of the family going and not putting the items up for display as if they were in a museum or separating oneself from his or her family. This is something that I can identify with. When I was younger my great-grandmother had always crocheted afghans for each of her children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren. My cousins had when we were little looked down at these beautiful afghans and wanted instead store bought blankets. I treasured the afghan that my great grandmother had made me and used it often. When we were older, and she had passed away, my one cousin was going through a phase similar to Dee’s, she was suddenly very interested in our family history, and she now wanted the last afghan that my great grandmother made. She ended up being the one to receive the afghan because I did not feel like fighting over it. I did not want to receive it with a fight because I knew that it would tarnish the meaning for me but I always found it interesting how she changed her mind once became, for lack of a better word, â€Å"cool† to embrace family history and to like handmade items. Active and Responsive Reading While reading Everyday Use one inference that I made was that the story was set in the early 1970s. I made this inference from the way Mamma, the narrator, described Dee in the present day. I thought that the dress, accessories, and hair style Dee was described to have seemed to match up to fashion from the early 1970s. Dee is a vain, hypocritical, and condescending individual, this was my impression from my first reading of the story and after reading it twice more, I found that my impression of Dee did not change from my first reading. Mamma did the best she could for Dee as she grew up. Dee always despised the house they lived in and never saw the house that was built after the fire until she visited. Mamma and their church raised money so that Dee could get a higher education and go off to college. Dee uses her education as a way to look down on her mother and sister. She does not understand why they will not better themselves as she has. In this visit she begins asking her mother for things that she had never wanted before and looked down at. She now wants these items not as reminders of her family but more as pieces of art. Two of these items were quilts made by Grandma Dee. In the past when offered these, she had told her mother that the quilts were â€Å"too old-fashioned, out of style†. Now she thinks that they would make beautiful pieces Alice Walker writes this story I think for every family and every person in a family. In a world where people are consumed with art, fashion, and style, I think she is reminding us that there is more to some items than art, fashion, and style. Many times we think the only way to appreciate something is to frame it or put it up for display and not put it to everyday use in fear of ruining it but Walker uses this story to show us that there is more to appreciating something than just displaying it. Sometimes to best appreciate a piece of ones heritage through an heirloom you should use it for its intended purpose. In conclusion Walker teaches us a lesson about family and keeping the spirit and story of our family alive by not merely displaying our heirlooms but putting them to use. She uses irony to help tell her story and support her theme. Walker chooses a story that people can relate to and learn from.